制作python模块安装包[原创]
Python的第三方模块越来越丰富,涉及的领域也非常广,如科学计算、图片处理、web应用、GUI开发等。当然也可以将自己写的模块进行打包或发布。一简单的方法是将你的类包直接copy到Python的lib目录,但此方式不便于管理与维护,存在多个Python版本时会非常混乱。现介绍如何编写setup.py来对一个简单的Python模块进行打包。
一、编写模块
进入项目目录
#cd /home/pysetup
#vi foo.py
-
view plainprint? class MyClass(): def __init__(self): self.blog = "http://blog.liuts.com" def printblog(self): print self.blog def printBblog(self): print self.blog.swapcase()
二、编写setup.py
#vi setup.py
view plainprint? from distutils.core import setup setup(name='Myblog', version='1.0', description='My Blog Distribution Utilities', author='Liu tiansi', author_email='liutiansi@gmail.com', url='http://blog.liuts.com', py_modules=['foo'], )
三、setup.py参数说明
#Python setup.py build # 编译 #Python setup.py install #安装 #Python setup.py sdist #生成压缩包(zip/tar.gz) #Python setup.py bdist_wininst #生成NT平台安装包(.exe) #Python setup.py bdist_rpm #生成rpm包
或者直接"bdist 包格式",格式如下:
#Python setup.py bdist --help-formats --formats=rpm RPM distribution --formats=gztar gzip'ed tar file --formats=bztar bzip2'ed tar file --formats=ztar compressed tar file --formats=tar tar file --formats=wininst Windows executable installer --formats=zip ZIP file
四、打包
#Python setup.py sdist
running sdist warning: sdist: manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' does not exist (using default file list) warning: sdist: standard file not found: should have one of README, README.txt writing manifest file 'MANIFEST' creating Myblog-1.0 making hard links in Myblog-1.0... hard linking foo.py -> Myblog-1.0 hard linking setup.py -> Myblog-1.0 creating dist tar -cf dist/Myblog-1.0.tar Myblog-1.0 gzip -f9 dist/Myblog-1.0.tar removing 'Myblog-1.0' (and everything under it)
提示两条warning可以忽略,不影响打包,当然一个完善的项目必须有README及MANIFEST.in(项目文件清单)文件。
#ls dist
Myblog-1.0.tar.gz
五、安装
#tar -zxvf Myblog-1.0.tar.gz
#cd Myblog-1.0.tar.gz
#Python setup.py install (此命令大家再熟悉不过了)
running install running build running build_py creating build/lib.Linux-x86_64-2.6 copying foo.py -> build/lib.Linux-x86_64-2.6 running install_lib copying build/lib.Linux-x86_64-2.6/foo.py -> /usr/local/lib/Python2.6/dist-packages byte-compiling /usr/local/lib/Python2.6/dist-packages/foo.py to foo.pyc running install_egg_info Writing /usr/local/lib/Python2.6/dist-packages/Myblog-1.0.egg-info
六、测试
>>> from foo import MyClass >>> app=MyClass() >>> app.print printblog() >>> app.printblog() http://blog.liuts.com >>> app.printBblog() HTTP://BLOG.LIUTS.COM >>>
参考文献:
http://docs.Python.org/distutils/setupscript.html
如大家有什么疑问或感兴趣的话题可以通过weibo与我交流:http://t.qq.com/yorkoliu